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The history of solar energy in Italy by Giorgio Nebbia

Electricity from the Sun in some materials directly exposed to solar radiation causes a movement of electrons, and then an electric current. One of these is represented by thin plates of very pure silicon and special treatment, when the photons ("particles" of electromagnetic radiation with energy proportional to the wavelength of radiation) strikes the silicon atoms, it results in a flow of electrons between the face of the photocell exposed to the sun and the earth beneath: it creates an electrical current and a potential difference that, with existing materials, is about 0.5 volts.

Only the infrared part of solar radiation with a wavelength greater than 1 micrometer, is able to determine an electric current in silicon photocells and in this way, but uses less than half the total solar radiation. Because you recover other losses, such as electricity, between 10 and 15% of the total solar radiation. Photovoltaic cells are characterized and are traded on the basis of "peak power", that is the power that they can ensure the noon of a day of summer in these conditions, the photocells are able to produce 1 kilowatt per hour , the power is lower in other seasons .....